A simple 4 quadrant NMOS analog multiplier with input range equal to ±VDD and very low THD
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A simple 4 quadrant analog multiplier using bulk NMOS transistors is presented in the paper. All the NMOS transistors in the circuit operate in saturation region. The complete circuit contains only 4 NMOS transistors as active devices. The proposed circuit has very good linearity, low THD, large input range and bandwidth. The input dynamic range of the circuit is plusmnVDD. The THD in the output waveform is smaller than 0.3% when the inputs are sine waves of peak-to-peak voltage 2.VDD. When input sine waves are of peak-to-peak voltage VDD, the THD is less than 0.14%. The 3dB bandwidth of the circuit is over 600 MHz. The circuit also has good noise performance compared to other similar works, due to less number of devices used. Quiescent power consumption of the overall circuit is only 214 muWatts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".