A Combination of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and Stem Cell Factor Ameliorates Steroid- Associated Osteonecrosis in Rabbits
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSC) have been highlighted for the treatment of osteonecrosis (ON) before collapse of the femoral head. In our study, the potential of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor/stem cell factor (G-CSF/SCF)-mobilized BMSC to repair steroid-associated ON was assessed in rabbits. METHODS: ON was induced by low-dose lipopolysaccharide and subsequent pulsed high-dose methylprednisolone. Rabbits in the treated group were subjected to subcutaneous injections of G-CSF at a dose of 100 microg/kg and SCF 25 microg/kg per day for 5 days; rabbits in the control group were given saline. Blood samples were collected and serum osteocalcin was detected by ELISA. Radiological analysis was performed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Then bilateral femora and humeri were harvested and processed to paraffin sections and hard-tissue sections for immunohistochemical, histologic, and histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS: . The mean number of leukocytes and relative numbers of mononuclear cells increased significantly after mobilization. All rabbits displayed a marked increase in osteocalcin protein expression in response to G-CSF/SCF. MRI scans showed a reactive interface between the necrotic and reparative zones after G-CSF/SCF administration. Quantitative analysis showed that new vessel formation was 3.3-fold greater and vessel density was 2.6-fold greater in the treatment group than the control group. The histologic and histomorphometric analysis revealed that the new bone volume was significantly higher in the G-SCF/SCF group than in the control group at 4 weeks. CONCLUSION: G-CSF/SCF-induced mobilization of BMSC in the necrotic foci may represent a promising strategy for promoting functional bone repair of early-stage ON.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".