Single‐Dose Pharmacokinetics of Multilayer‐Release Methylphenidate and Immediate‐Release Methylphenidate in Children With Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the single-dose pharmacokinetics of multilayer-release and immediate-release methylphenidate in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Patients 6- to 12-years-old with a DSM-IV diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were randomized to receive multilayer-release methylphenidate (qd) or immediate-release methylphenidate (bid) at equivalent doses, with a 14-day washout between treatments. Plasma samples were collected predosing and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours postdose. Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted on 14 patients (1 female, 13 male; mean age: 9.6 +/- 2.5 years [range, 6-12]). The mean dose of methylphenidate received by these patients in both phases of the study was 38.6 mg/d (range, 20-80 mg/d). The relative AUC(0-t) and C(max 0-4) ratios for multilayer-release compared with immediate-release methylphenidate were 100.8% and 78.8%, respectively. Multilayer-release methylphenidate produces a biphasic concentration-time profile, with a rapid initial increase in plasma concentration that is maintained throughout the school day.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".