Leaf trait variation in three species through canopy strata in a semi-evergreen Neotropical forest
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Morphological and structural changes among and within leaves of Aphananthe monoica (Hemsley) Leroy, Pleuranthodendron lindenii (Turczaninov) Sleumer, and Psychotria costivenia Grisebach were documented through canopy strata (<10, 1020, and >20 m high) and related to some environmental variables in a semi-evergreen Neotropical forest. The principal components analysis revealed that two components explained 93% of total variation. The first component (76.4%) denoted leaf structure, whereas the second (16.6%) denoted leaf shape. Anatomical differences in transverse leaf sections among different canopy strata were observed in Aphananthe monoica and Pleuranthodendron lindenii. Variance analyses showed significant differences among strata for leaf characters and light, relative humidity, vapour pressure deficit, and temperature. Canonical correlation analysis revealed that the first pair of canonical variates of leaf characters and environmental variables were closely related. The first environmental variate represented the changes in microclimate along forest canopy strata. Leaf structure observed in Aphananthe monoica and Pleuranthodendron lindenii suggested that they are intermediate shade-tolerant species, and Psychotria costivenia is a shade-tolerant understorey species. Aphananthe monoica and Pleuranthodendron lindenii, which during their life span occupy different positions in the vertical strata, showed the highest leaf variation.Key words: tropical trees, Aphananthe monoica, Pleuranthodendron lindenii, Psychotria costivenia, leaf variation, Veracruz.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".