The effect of minihaloes on cosmic reionization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
One of the most debated issues in the theoretical modelling of cosmic reionization is the impact of small-mass gravitationally bound structures. We carry out the first numerical investigation of the role of such sterile ‘minihaloes’ (MHs), which serve as self-shielding screens of ionizing photons. MHs are too small to be properly resolved in current large-scale cosmological simulations, and thus we estimate their effects using a subgrid model, considering two cases that bracket their effect within this framework. In the ‘extreme-suppression’ case in which MH formation ceases once a region is partially ionized, their effect on cosmic reionization is modest, reducing the volume-averaged ionization fraction by an overall factor of less than15 per cent. In the other extreme, in which MH formation is never suppressed, they delay complete reionization as much as Δz~ 2, in rough agreement with the results from a previous semi-analytical study by the authors. Thus, depending on the details of the MH formation process, their effect on the overall progress of reionization can range from modest to significant, but the MH photon consumption is by itself insufficient to force an extended reionization epoch.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".