Anatomy of a seismoelectric conversion: Measurements and conceptual modeling in boreholes penetrating a sandy aquifer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Conversions of compressional seismic waves to electric fields have been measured in two boreholes drilled in an unconfined sandy aquifer on the Gnangara Mound near Perth, Australia. The seismoelectric conversions at both field sites occurred in the vicinity of the water table at 13‐m depth and yielded maximum amplitudes of 1 μV/m using a sledgehammer source on surface. Partially cemented layers, inferred from geological and geophysical logs, straddle the water table and may play a role in generating the conversion and influencing its amplitude distribution. The dense vertical sampling used in these borehole experiments reveals spatial and temporal polarity reversals of the interfacial signal which provide new evidence in support of the conceptual model for seismoelectric conversions at interfaces. We demonstrate that the growth rate of the source zone and its maximum vertical extent below the water table are encoded in the polarity of the interfacial signal. These experiments confirm that vertical seismoelectric profiling can be used to gain further insight into seismoelectric conversions and characteristics of interfaces that makes them amenable to detection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".