Prolonged repolarization and triggered activity induced by adenoviral expression of HERG N629D in cardiomyocytes derived from stem cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The long QT syndrome, N629D HERG mutation, alters the pore selectivity signature sequence, GFGN to GFGD. Heterologous co-expression of N629D and the wildtype HERG resulted in a relative loss of the selectivity of K+ over Na+, but its physiologic relevance has not been assessed in cardiac myocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Accordingly, N629D was overexpressed, via adenoviral gene transfer, in cardiomyocytes derived from mouse stem cells. Three IKr phenotypes were observed: (1) the wildtype-like IKr showed inward rectification and a positive tail current; (2) the N629D-like IKr showed outward rectification and an inward tail current; and (3) intermediate IKr showed a small outward tail current. Action potentials (AP) were paired with the IKr measurements in each cell. Resting membrane potential (RMP) was critically dependent on the IKr phenotype. The resting membrane potential of the cells was -61 +/- 5 mV (n=40) in wildtype, -63 +/- 3 mV (n=18) in wildtype-like IKr phenotype, -30 +/- 2 mV (n=12) in N629D-like and -47 +/- 2 mV (n=24) in intermediate phenotype (p<0.00001). Triggered action potential durations (APD) were: 62 +/- 12 ms (n=6) in wildtype, 65 +/- 11 ms (n=6) in wildtype-like IKr phenotypes and 106 +/- 10 ms (n=6) (p<0.01) in intermediate IKr phenotypes. Lowering [K+]o hyperpolarized wildtype cells and cells with a wildtype-like IKr phenotype, but depolarized those with intermediate phenotype (from -45 +/- 1 to -35 +/- 0.5 mV (n=12), p<0.01). In 6 of 12 cells, with intermediate phenotype, the hypokalemia-induced depolarization resulted in triggered activity. TTX suppressed this triggered activity. CONCLUSION: Overexpression of N629D in cardiomyocytes derived from stem cells results in phenotypic variability in IKr, which was the critical determinant of the resting membrane potential, action potential duration and arrhythmogenic response to low [K+]o.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".