The Development of Oral Production in Content-based Second Language Courses at the University of Ottawa
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article presents a study focusing on the oral production of students enrolled in adjunct or content-based ESL and FSL language courses linked to an introductory psychology course. The two-year study measured changes in students' oral production over two semesters during the 90-minute-per-week adjunct course. Instruments used were an elicited imitation exercise and a discussion task administered at the beginning and end of the course. These were recorded in the language laboratory for later analysis. The elicited imitation task was corrected for accuracy and for the presence of certain prosodic, syntactic, and discourse features. The discussion task scored on content, speed of delivery, pronunciation, grammatical accuracy, and precision of vocabulary. A detailed qualitative analysis was done on the discussions produced by a subgroup of students who had shown gains in grammatical accuracy. The authors discuss the results of the study and its implications for the teaching of oral production in content-based language courses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".