A system of references for software measurements with ISO 19761 (COSMIC-FFP)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Software measurement is still emerging as a field of knowledge, and, most often, traditional quality criteria of measurement methods such as repeatability, reproducibility, accuracy and convertibility are not even investigated by software measurement method designers. In Software Engineering, the Functional Size Measurement (FSM) community has been the first to recognize the importance of such quality criteria for measurement, as illustrated in the recently adopted ISO document 14143-3; these criteria represent, however, only a subset of the metrology criteria which includes, for instance, measurement units and internationally recognized measurement references (e.g. etalons ). In this paper, a design for building a set of normalized baseline measurement references for COSMIC-FFP (ISO 19761), the 2 nd generation of FSM methods, is proposed. The goal is to design, for the first time in Software Engineering, a system of references for software FSM methods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.016 | 0.042 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.015 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.014 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".