Neoliberal Reforms in an Emerging Democracy: The Case of the Privatization of Public Enterprises in Nigeria, 1999–2014
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article critically appraises the political, social, and economic processes of privatization in Nigeria since 1999. A qualitative analysis of the privatization process and outcomes is carried out within the broader state versus market debate in political economy of reforms. It will be revealed that privatization has not produced its purported outcomes of efficiency/consumer satisfaction and social equity, and the privatization process has not been thoroughly transparent and accountable. In explaining the outcomes and process, the article highlights the problems posed for reforms by the weak democratic infrastructure and institutional framework for regulation; the logic of neoliberal ideology, which constrains the space of action for developing countries or forces these countries to act along specific trajectories instead of others in order to be seen as embracing globalization; and above all, the political constraints relating to the opportunistic and self‐interested attitude of political and economic elites who are determined to continue to benefit from privatization as they did during the pre‐reform era of public enterprises.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".