Imbalance of the charge on a carrier moving through a gaseous medium
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper is focused on the charge exchange processes occurring between small metal charge carrier and the gaseous medium through which the carriers travels; these processes lead to a charge imbalance. In most of the experiments, a small lead pellet was propelled at different speeds through air under the ballistic conditions. The charge carried by the pellet was tracked along the carrier trajectory by means of induction rings. In all the experiments, the charge on the moving pellet was measured using the ballistic method, and its initial and final charges determined by static Faraday cups. The experiments determined the effect of the speed and the carrier potential on the magnitude of the charge imbalance. The studied pellets' charges were ranging from +2/spl times/ 10/sup -9/ to +6/spl times/ 10/sup -9/C, and the pellet speeds was 22.9 m /spl middot/s/sup -1/. The charge loss, incurred by the pellet during the 40 ms, which the pellet needed to cross a 96 cm path, was 11%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".