On the Quantification of the Bed Development Time of Alluvial Meandering Streams
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper concerns the quantitative evaluation of the time of bed development of alluvial meandering streams. In agreement with the prevailing approach, it is assumed that the stream centerline follows a sine-generated curve; the banks are rigid. The flow is turbulent and subcritical, and the flow width is much larger than the flow depth. The movable bed is flat at time t=0; at t=Tb, the bed reaches its equilibrium or developed state. With the aid of dimensional and physical considerations, an expression is found for the duration of bed development Tb. According to this expression, Tb is proportional to the square of the flow width B and inversely proportional to the specific volumetric bed-load rate corresponding to the channel-averaged flow. The proportionality factor is found to be a function of the initial deflection angle θ0 alone. The form of this function is investigated on the basis of a series of experimental runs carried out by the writers in a sine-generated channel having an intermediate value of θ0 (i.e., an intermediate value of sinuosity), as well as data available in the literature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".