Pre-Miocene deformation of the Himalayan superstructure, Hidden valley, central Nepal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Throughout the Himalaya, the Tethyan sedimentary sequence forms the detached carapace, or superstructure, to exhumed mid-crustal rocks. In central Nepal, low metamorphic-grade Cambrian to Jurassic rocks of this carapace preserve five phases of deformation, structurally dominated by second phase (D 2 ) north-verging back folds that oppose the vergence of the orogen. The folds are overprinted and cross-cut by the c . 22 Ma South Tibetan detachment system and the Manaslu leucogranite. New structural mapping in Hidden valley provides further constraints on the character of D 2 : megascopically, large asymmetric north-verging folds define D 2 ; microscopically, it is characterized by an axial-planar cleavage. Balanced cross-sections and bed-length restoration of F 2 folds indicate a minimum of 32–38% shortening and 180% thickening during D 2 . These data indicate that north-verging folds played a significant role in pre-Miocene crustal thickening of the Himalayan superstructure. The formation of these folds is compatible with wedge extrusion or channel flow of the underlying mid-crustal rocks, whereby their geometry reflects early coupling between the upper and middle crust.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".