REVIEW OF FAMILY ANAKRUSIDAE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO KOMETIA (PORIFERA: HEXACTINELLIDA)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anakrusids were recovered along with sponge spicules from middle Tremadocian to middle Arenigian strata of the Cow Head Group of the Great Northern Peninsula of the island of Newfoundland, Canada. Anakrusids have been described as consisting of a spherical shell with numerous hollow spines. Excellent preservation of the Cow Head specimens makes it clear that no previously reported anakrusids are perfectly preserved specimens and that they belong to the Porifera rather than the Radiolaria. The spherical shell of anakrusids has a small hexactine spicule among these numerous spines. This shell itself is actually a modification or enlarged extension of one ray of the six-rayed hexactine sponge spicule. Moreover, the spine tips are not pointed, but bear an umbellate terminal outgrowth consisting of a marginally denticulate, convex disc of recurved teeth. This type of terminal outgrowth occurs only in some sponge spicules. Most importantly, the spherical shell is occupied by the tightly packed proximal part of numerous accessory rays that are separated from the free distal part of these accessory rays by a distinct outer surface. Axial canal openings of all the rays meet at the inner cavity of the shell. A comparison of Anakrusa and co-occurring sponge spicules of Kometia florea n. sp. and Anakrusa? spp. from the Cow Head Group indicates that Anakrusa and Kometia are very closely related and that they belong to the same family, i.e., Anakrusidae. One new genus and species, Protokometia incaensis, from the Georgina Basin, Australia, is also assigned to Family Anakrusidae.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".