Cramer-Rao bound for location estimation of a mobile in asynchronous DS-CDMA systems
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Commercial applications for the location of subscribers of wireless services continue to expand. Consequently, finding the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB), which serves as an optimality criterion for the location estimation problem, is of interest. We derive the CRB for the estimation of channel parameters and mobile position in an asynchronous direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) system operating over fading channels. It is assumed that the location estimates are obtained from the bearings and/or propagation delays estimated at one or more cluster(s) of antenna arrays of arbitrary geometry. Among other applications, the CRB on the positioning accuracy may serve as a design tool to find an optimum antenna placement, or to evaluate the practicability of a legal demand for emergency location.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it