Haptoglobin is present in human endometrium and shows elevated levels in the decidua during pregnancy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Assuming that haptoglobin, by virtue of its immunomodulatory properties, could be a regulatory factor during reproduction, its presence in the human uterus was determined. Protein extracts from endometrial tissue samples of pregnant and non-pregnant women were analysed by the immunoblot technique and the intensities of specific bands were quantified. Bands corresponding to haptoglobin were identified in tissue samples obtained from both sources. Protein, purified by high-performance liquid chromatography and monitored by Western blot analysis for its haptoglobin identity, was used for amino-terminal sequencing. Sequencing of the 42 kDa protein identified it as the beta chain of haptoglobin. Immunohistochemistry was used to corroborate the findings and to visualize the distribution of haptoglobin in the tissue. The intensity of the 42 kDa band derived from decidua graviditatis was significantly higher than the intensity of bands derived from non-pregnant endometrium in the proliferative phase (P < 0.01) and in the secretory phase (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining with anti-human haptoglobin antibody elicited strong signals in the decidua graviditatis and weaker signals in the normal endometrium, with the latter showing menstrual cycle-dependent variation. Moderate staining of stroma and a lack of staining of epithelium in the proliferative phase contrasted with the strong staining of stroma and moderate level of staining of epithelium observed in the secretory phase. Haptoglobin in the uterus may exert several functions such as the known binding of haemoglobin, but could also be involved in the multi-factorial mechanism protecting the fetus from a maternal allograft-like immune response.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".