Myocardial infarction Associated with Recency of Immigration to Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: New immigrants to North America exhibit lower rates of obesity and hypertension than their native-born counterparts. Whether this is reflected by a lower relative risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is not known. OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of AMI among new immigrants compared to long-term residents, and, among those who develop AMI, their short- and long-term mortality rate. DESIGN: Population-based, matched, retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Entire province of Ontario, the most populated province in Canada, from 1 April 1995 to 31 March 2007. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 965,829 new immigrants were matched to 3,272,393 long-term residents by year of birth, sex and geographic location. MEASUREMENTS: The main study outcome was hospitalization with a most responsible diagnosis of AMI. Secondary study outcomes among those who sustained an AMI were in-hospital, 30-day and 1-year mortality. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants at study entry was approximately 34 years. The incidence rate of AMI was 4.14 per 10,000 person-years among new immigrants and 6.61 per 10,000 person-years among long-term residents. After adjusting for age, income quintile, urban vs. rural residence, history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and smoking and number of health insurance claims, the hazard ratio for AMI was 0.66 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63-0.69]. CONCLUSION: New immigrants appear to be at lower risk of AMI than long-term residents. This finding does not appear to be explained by the availability of health-care services or income level.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".