Simulating oblique incident irradiation using the BEAMnrc Monte Carlo code
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new source for the simulation of oblique incident irradiation has been developed for the BEAMnrc Monte Carlo code. In this work, we describe a method for the simulation of any component that is rotated at some angle relative to the central axis of the modelled radiation unit. The performance of the new BEAMnrc source was validated against experimental measurements. The comparison with ion chamber data showed very good agreement between experiments and calculation for a number of oblique irradiation angles ranging from 0 degrees to 30 degrees . The routine was also cross-validated, in geometrically equivalent conditions, against a different radiation source available in the DOSXYZnrc code. The test showed excellent consistency between the two routines. The new radiation source can be particularly useful for the Monte Carlo simulation of radiation units in which the radiation beam is tilted with respect to the unit's central axis. To highlight this, a modern cone-beam CT unit is modelled using this new source and validated against measurement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".