A critical reappraisal of “preconsolidation pressure” interpretations using the oedometer test
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Over the past 70 years, a number of methods have been proposed for the interpretation of the characteristic vertical effective yield stress, or “preconsolidation pressure,” of compressible soils as defined using the standard oedometer test. The concept of the “preconsolidation pressure” has been extraordinarily useful in geotechnical engineering for analysing and predicting settlement behaviour and for normalizing other engineering parameters for comparative purposes. Defining this characteristic stress, however, is often problematic and relies heavily on graphical techniques that are subject to some uncertainty, particularly when using semi-log plots for this purpose. This paper illustrates fundamental difficulties with the interpretation of oedometer test and presents an alternative technique for defining unambiguous values of the vertical effective yield stress.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.024 | 0.064 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.020 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".