Consideration of geometric phase and population transfer without using rotating-wave approximation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recently, Rostovtsev et al (2009 Phys. Rev. A 79 063833) established an analytical treatment of the detuned atom–field interaction without using the rotating-wave approximation (RWA). Using this result, here we study qualitatively the dynamics of geometric phase (GP) and population transfer in a two-level atom interacting with an external off-resonant classical field for arbitrary pulse shape without using RWA. We use this exact method (without RWA) to reexamine the variation of populations and GP and compare the result with the RWA considering two kinds of the external field. We show that it is possible to control the GP dynamics by choosing suitable parameters of the atom–field system. Interestingly, we find that the variation of the populations and GP in the time is unchanged and it differs as we get further from the resonance. Moreover, we show that the Rabi frequency plays a role in reduction or augmentation of the periodic time interval for the GP. The solution is very suitable for atom–field systems, especially when the system is far from the resonance so that the RWA method breaks down.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".