RETRACTED: Extracellular HSP27 mediates angiogenesis through Toll‐like receptor 3
Post-publication record
Source: Retraction Watch, joined by DOI. OpenAlex records retraction as is_retracted, a boolean over a state space with at least four values, so it cannot express an expression of concern, a correction or a reinstatement; it reports them as false, which reads as “fine”.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The heat‐shock protein 27 (HSP27) is up‐regulated in tumor cells and released in their microenvironment. Here, we show that extracellular HSP27 has a proangiogenic effect evidenced on chick chorioallantoic membrane. To explore this effect, we test the recombinant human protein (rhHSP27) at physiopathological doses (0.1–10 μg/ml) onto human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) grown as monolayers or spheroids. When added onto HMECs, rhHSP27 dose‐dependently accelerates cell migration (with a peak at 5 (μg/ml) and favors spheroid sprouting within 12‐24 h. rhHSP27 increases VEGF gene transcription and promotes secretion of VEGF‐activating VEGF receptor type 2. Increased VEGF transcription is related to NF‐κB activation in 30 min. All of these effects are initiated by rhHSP27 interaction with Toll‐like receptor 3 (TLR3). Such an interaction can be detected by immunoprecipitation but does not seem to be direct, as we failed to detect an interaction between rhHSP27 and monomeric TLR3 by SPR analysis. rhHSP27 is rapidly internalized with a pool of TLR3 to the endosomal compartment (within 15–30 min), which is required for NF‐κB activation in a cytosolic Ca 2+ ‐dependent manner. The HSP27/TLR3 interaction induces NF‐κB activation, leading to VEGF‐mediated cell migration and angiogenesis. Such a pathway provides alternative targets for antiangiogenic cancer therapy.—Thuringer, D., Jego, G., Wettstein, G., Terrier, O., Cronier, L., Yousfi, N., Hébrard, S., Bouchot, A., Hazoumé, A., Joly, A‐L., Gleave, M., Rosa‐Calatrava, M., Solary, E., and Garrido, C., Extracellular HSP27 mediates angiogenesis through Toll‐like receptor 3. FASEB J. 27, 4169–4183 (2013). www.fasebj.org
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".