Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe an alternative method of vaginal birth to the conventional assisted delivery for extremely preterm breech infants within intact amnions, and to compare the immediate neonatal outcomes with those delivered by cesarean. METHODS: Retrospective review of singleton breech deliveries under 26 weeks' gestation after spontaneous labor with intact membranes. Nine "en caul" vaginal births after tocolysis and six cesarean deliveries performed for the sole indication of preterm labor were identified between 1996 and 2001. RESULTS: The vaginal group's mean gestation and cervical dilatation on admission were 23(+6) weeks and 3.2 cm, respectively, and 24(+6) weeks and 2.8 cm in the cesarean group. Vaginal delivery occurred an average of 4 days after admission and 1 day for cesarean delivery. Mean time interval between the first corticosteroid injection and delivery was greater in the vaginal group (90 versus 22 hours). Failure to start or complete a steroid course was more likely in the operative group (67% versus 11%). Mean birth weights were comparable. Five-minute Apgar scores and cord pHs were 6 and 7.41, respectively, for vaginal births, and 5.5 and 7.32 after cesarean deliveries. Fifty-five percent of vaginally delivered infants had a 5-minute Apgar score less than 7, with 22% of the whole group dying during the first week of life. This compared with 66% and 50%, respectively, for cesarean infants. Of the survivors, average age at discharge was 121 days for both groups. CONCLUSION: Vaginal birth can be effected in extremely preterm breech pregnancies with intact membranes by adopting the "en caul" delivery method.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".