Conjugate Mass Transfer Modeling for VOC Source and Sink Behavior of Porous Building Materials: When to Apply It?
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are major indoor air pollutants. Physical models have been developed to predict VOC source (emission) and sink behavior (sorption) of building materials. They frequently adopt the conventional convection approach using a third-kind boundary condition. This conventional convection approach in conjunction with the commonly used Sherwood number correlation is based on the assumptions of constant wall concentration at the material-air interface and quasi-steady convective mass transfer in the fluid (air). In this study, the validity of these assumptions is theoretically investigated. An analytical model using the conventional convection approach and a numerical conjugate mass transfer model are developed. The conjugate mass transfer models consider unsteady two-dimensional laminar forced convection over a flat plate coupled with unsteady one-dimensional diffusion and sorption within the porous solid through the concentration and the flux continuities at the material-air interface. The simulation results indicate that the assumptions can lead to a significant overestimation of the wall concentration especially in the early transfer phase. When the effect on the VOC source/sink behavior is quantified by the total transfer time, which is the time required to emit/absorb 99% of the maximum transferable VOC mass, the analytical model results in less than 5% error in the predicted value when VOC transfer is controlled by internal diffusion, i.e., Biot number larger than 9 for (ε + K) 100.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it