Failure vs. Flight: An Experimental Study of Wind Speeds Associated with Roof Failures of Houses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
With residential homes serving as an integral indicator to ascertain storm wind speeds from their damage, an accurate wind speed-damage relationship needs to be established. Recent wind tunnel tests have suggested that well-attached building components can fail without flying from the roof. For complete failure of roofs, this suggests that we need to differentiate between failure of the structure and removal of the roof (i.e., flight) from the walls. This research serves to determine and differentiate representative wind speeds for both failure and flight of wood-framed roofs. In most test results to date, "chatter" and displacement of the roof mostly preceded flight of the roof structure, indicating that flight might follow from a different gust. The local flow field is influenced by the presence of the structure, leading to the conclusion that a both a spatially and temporally averaged wind speed, while difficult to ascertain due to the complex nature of the fluid interactions, is required to accurately describe failure of a structure or its components.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".