Honourable Mention: The Nationalist Fleet: Radical Nationalism and The Imperial German Navy from Unification to 1914
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the two decades leading up to World War One, Germany engaged in one of the greatest naval expansions in history, which subsequently produced a lasting antagonism between Germany and Britain. During this period Germany was transformed from a strictly land-based continental military power to a highly competitive and competent sea power. Where the army was steeped in Prussian tradition, the navy was able to shape its identity as a strictly German nationalist organization. This was achieved during a time when colonial ambitions, navalism and Anglophobia were rampant within Germany. It was within this environment where the navy became the defining symbol for the German nation to achieve its “place in the sun.” Manipulative actions by the nations leaders, right-wing agitation groups like the Deutscher Flottenverein (the German Navy League), and the subsequent naval arms race drove Germany to spent over one billion Reichsmark’s on warships that were largely held at anchor over the course of the looming conflict. Ultimately, the expansion of the navy was sidelined by war in 1914, but its failures truly began a decade earlier with the provocation of Britain. The British response forced moderation in Germany’s ship construction plans, which produced widespread criticism of the nation’s leaders and further antagonism with Britain during a time where a potential alliance could have addressed common concerns about the rising power of France and Russia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".