Differential detection of PSK signals in frequency selective Rayleigh fading channel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The error performance of differential detection of phase shift keyed (PSK) signals in a 2-ray frequency selective Rayleigh fading channel with additive white Gaussian noise is discussed. Unlike in a one-ray or flat fading channel, there exists an irreducible error floor even with static fading. In the worst case, this error floor is actually proportional to the inverse power split ratio among the two arrival rays. The results presented indicate that at a received signal-to-noise ratio of 25 dB and a target bit error rate of not more than 10/sup -2/ (speech application), uncoded differential PSK (DPSK) will work well even under equal power split, provided that the relative propagation delay in two arrival rays does not exist one-fifth of a symbol duration. For channels with larger relative delays. DPSK will fail to provide the desired bit error rate, unless the signal power is increased, or more importantly, the channels exhibit highly asymmetrical power split. Simulation results for coded binary PSK with differential detection are also included.>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".