Exploring the beam parameter space of a CW RFQ proton accelerator
Bibliographic record
Abstract
RFQ1, a 100% duty factor radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) to accelerate 75 mA of protons to a final energy of 0.6 MeV, is a testbed for a wide range of high-power RFQ experiments. First beam was accelerated in RFQ1 in July 1988, and an experimental program to investigate the beam parameter space of the machine was started. With the initial three-beamlet ion sources adjusted to deliver 5 mA to the RFQ, only 35% of the beam was captured and accelerated to design energy. Changing to a lower emittance single-beamlet source, transmission improved to almost 80% with over 6 mA CW (continuous wave) accelerated. The realization of the replaceable component design of the RFQ, CW operation of vane coupling rings and the ability of the racetrack seals to maintain vacuum and RF integrity over large temperature gradients were demonstrated. Design deficiencies in the injector that spoil the match to the RFQ have been identified, and TRANSPORT and PARMTEQ were used to examine corrective measures.>
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".