Simple Nonlinear Flexural Stiffness Model for Concrete Structural Walls
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A trilinear bending moment–curvature model is proposed for the nonlinear static (pushover) analysis of concrete walls. To account for the effect of cracking on the flexural stiffness of concrete walls in a simple yet accurate way, the elastic portion of the bending moment–curvature relationship is modeled as bilinear. To account for the influence of cyclic loading on tension stiffening of cracked concrete, the concept of upper‐bound response for a previously uncracked wall, and lower‐bound response for a severely cracked wall is introduced. To validate the proposed model, the results of a large‐scale test on a slender concrete wall are compared with predictions from the model. The application of the proposed model in a pushover analysis of a 131‐m‐(430‐ft) high coupled‐wall structure demonstrates the importance of accurately modeling the nonlinear flexural stiffness of concrete walls.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".