‘Self-evident truths of reason’: challenges to clear thinking in the<i>Tafsīr al-kabīr</i>of Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Any invitation to probe the relationship between the nature of God and human violence done in God's name would seem to be welcome, whether extended by Muslims or by Christians. Medieval Muslim scholar Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī considered this question along with several other themes relevant to Christian–Muslim conversation in his massive commentary on the Qur'an. Analysis of his treatment of these themes reveals the unique patterns of al-Rāzī's exegetical method, along with both the freedom and the limitations of his rationality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.063 | 0.051 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.018 | 0.154 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.018 | 0.025 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.012 | 0.019 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".