Core level electron binding energies of realgar (As <sub>4</sub> S <sub>4</sub> )
Bibliographic record
Abstract
XPS broad scans and high-resolution narrow-region spectra were collected from fresh realgar (As 4 S 4 ) surfaces to measure core level S and As binding energies. Reasonably accurate As and S concentrations were determined from XPS broad scans using peak areas and manufacturer supplied sensitivity factors. High resolution S(2p) and As(3d) narrow region spectra were comprised of photoelectron emissions indicative of As and S in intermediate oxidation states akin to binding energies of As and S polymeric species. S(2p) spectra were interpreted using only S contributions expected from the bulk mineral matrix and showed that S was not greatly affected by surface state phenomena. This was attributed to breakage of intermolecular van der Waals bonds rather than covalent interatomic bonds. As(3d) spectra were found to contain two contributions one from As atoms in As 4 S 4 molecules in the bulk mineral matrix and another possibly from As atoms in molecules situated at the surface.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".