Effects of Duration and Age at Onset of Type 1 Diabetes on Preclinical Manifestations of Nephropathy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Several studies have reported that the effect of type 1 diabetes disease duration on nephropathy may be greater during or after puberty than an equivalent number of years before puberty. The International Diabetic Nephropathy Study examined the effects of disease duration and age at onset on glomerular morphometry obtained from kidney biopsy in 243 young type 1 diabetic subjects with albumin excretion rates <100 micro g/min: 184 with prepubertal onset, 35 with pubertal onset, and 24 with postpuberty onset. Outcomes included the volume fraction of the glomerulus occupied by the mesangium [Vv(Mes/glom)], glomerular basement membrane (GBM) width, and the surface density of peripheral glomerular capillary basement membrane per glomerulus Sv(PGBM/glom). Vv(Mes/glom) progressed slowly in the first 14 or 15 years after disease onset but more rapidly thereafter. GBM width increased, while Sv(PGBM/glom) decreased with increasing disease duration. No statistically significant differences in the effect of duration were observed among the three age-at-onset subgroups, even with multivariate adjustment for sex, center, baseline HbA(1c) concentration, diastolic blood pressure, height, and BMI. Our results may explain the conflicting results of previous studies regarding the effects of pre-versus postpuberty disease duration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".