Cardiovascular Adverse Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory drugs consist of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including non-selective nsNSAIDs, aspirin, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-selective inhibitors also referred to as coxibs, and glucocorticoids (GCs). They are worldwide prescribed drugs for many musculoskeletal conditions, such as osteoarthritis and inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Anti-inflammatory drugs can exert deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system, excluding aspirin. NSAIDs, especially coxibs, have been demonstrated to increase cardiovascular risk and have generated many concerns leading to the reassessment of their benefit/risk ratio. GCs may also induce cardiovascular events, but evidence seems to be less clear. Before prescribing these drugs, an assessment of cardiovascular risk may be judicious. In this review, anti-inflammatory drugs, coxibs, nsNSAIDs and GCs, and the risk of cardiovascular events will be discussed.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.011 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".