Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thucydides was the first analyst of civil war: the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta (431-404 BC). Since then, the technology of war has radically changed but not the nature of man. Most of the wars of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries were civil wars and most of these wars were caused by political, economic and legal factors and by the quest for secession. The civil wars of the twenty-first century are not different from those of the previous centuries. The object of this article is to analyse the causes and legality of civil wars and assess critically the scope of peoples’ right to self-determination in international law with a view to determining whether the right (as it stands) can be used by a racial or religious group in a state to effect radical transformation of the whole state or to justify secession from the state. Finally, the feasibility and desirability of reconceptualising peoples’ right to self-determination to justify secession in case of unremitting persecution, when it is clear that attempts to achieve internal self-determination have failed, are evaluated.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".