Removing the brakes on post-stroke plasticity drives recovery from the intact hemisphere and spinal cord
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The existence of bilaterally redundant corticospinal pathways suggests a potential means of recovery after unilateral injury such as stroke. However, in the adult brain, plasticity is kept in check by inhibitory factors that provide the stability necessary in neuronal networks to encode memories and retain learned actions. In the current issue of Brain , Nicolas Lindau and colleagues use antibodies that block Nogo-A functioning to unlock plasticity within the adult injured brain, leading to a structural and functional re-routing of corticospinal signals to exploit circuit redundancy (Lindau et al. , 2014). After a large motor cortex stroke, there is evidence that the intact hemisphere can control the impaired hand and thus facilitate behavioural recovery (Grefkes and Ward, 2014). However, hemiparesis remains a common deficit after stroke, indicating a need for therapies that augment spontaneous recovery. Lindau et al. (2014) show that, in rats, promoting axonal sprouting by blocking the growth-inhibitor protein Nogo-A facilitates the emergence of motor pathways that allow the intact hemisphere to drive motor output to the impaired forelimb. Although only 10% of corticospinal projections terminated in the ipsilateral spinal cord before injury, anti-Nogo-A therapy induced the generation of additional ipsilateral motor projections and produced substantial recovery of forelimb function. During the development and refinement of the nervous system there is extensive axonal sprouting. To curb ebullient outgrowth in the adult, various inhibitory molecules such as Nogo-A keep the …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".