Hydrodynamics of a forced riffle pool in a gravel bed river: 2. Scale and structure of coherent turbulent events
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the companion article, we present mean velocity and turbulence intensity statistics at a range of discharges in a forced riffle pool unit and show that the distributions of mean velocity and turbulence are characteristic of nonuniform flows. The objectives of this paper are to describe the spatial and temporal variability of the structure of turbulence in the forced riffle pool unit and to examine turbulence generation mechanisms and the links between the scales of macrobed forms and coherent turbulent flow structures. Our results show that while larger‐scale structures develop outside of the thalweg, the scales of coherent turbulent flow structures decrease with velocity and discharge in the forced riffle pool. Flow separation is shown to be an important factor, with full separation occurring in lateral shear zones and intermittent separation near the bed in the pool head. These zones generate new turbulence that disrupts a number of coherent turbulent flow structures that are typical of uniform flows. Coherent turbulent flow structures do not appear to be the source of morphological scaling in the forced riffle pool.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".