<i>Trypanosoma congolense</i>infections: antibody-mediated phagocytosis by Kupffer cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Immunohistochemical double-label technique was used to detect trypanosomal antigen in macrophages. Immunoglobulin (Ig)M as well as IgG2a monoclonal antibodies (mAb) specific for the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) mediated phagocytosis of Trypanosoma congolense variant antigenic type (VAT) TC13 by macrophages [bone marrow-derived macrophage cell line from BALB/c (BALB.BM)] in vitro. Administration of these IgM or IgG2a antibodies to BALB/c mice 30 min after injection of 3 x 10(8) T. congolense mediated phagocytosis of trypanosomes by Kupffer cells of the liver within 1 h. Plasma levels of the monokines interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-10, and IL-12p40 were significantly increased 6-48 h after phagocytosis. In BALB/c mice infected with 10(3) T. congolense, a small degree of phagocytosis of trypanosomes by Kupffer cells, mediated by actively synthesized antibodies, was detected as early as 5 days after infection. Phagocytosis of trypanosomes was dramatically enhanced on day 6. Concomitantly, the Kupffer cells trippled in size. In BALB/c mice infected for 6 days, treatment with IgM or IgG2a mAb specific for T. congolense VSG led to clearance of VAT TC13 parasitemia but did not prevent death at the second parasitemia of a different VAT. We conclude that IgM as well as IgG antibody mediate phagocytosis of trypanosomes by Kupffer cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".