Effect of pulse vs. continuous micro-xenon irradiation on the shear bond strength of a light-cured orthodontic composite resin
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of pulse vs. continuous irradiation on the shear bond strength of a conventional orthodontic composite resin cured with a micro-xenon light (Aurys, Degrè K, Schiltigheim, France). Ninety freshly extracted bovine permanent mandibular incisors were randomly assigned to one of six groups; each group consisting of 15 specimens. Three groups were exposed to continuous irradiation of micro-xenon light for 10, 5, and 2 s, respectively, and used as controls. The remaining three groups were exposed to pulse irradiation of the same light source for 10, 5, and 2 s, respectively. After 24 h, all samples were tested in a shear mode on an Instron Machine (Instron Corp., Canton, MA, USA). Analysis was made by ANOVA with Scheffé's test for comparisons. The chi-square test was used to determine significant differences in the Adhesive Remnant Index scores. The mean shear bond strength of the brackets continuously cured for 10 s was not statistically different from that of the brackets pulse-activated for the same curing time. Also, no statistically significant differences were found between both groups cured for 5 s. The group pulse-activated for 5 s, however, had a significantly lower mean shear bond strength than the control group cured for 10 s. Finally, the group pulse-activated for 2 s showed significantly lower bond strength values than all the other groups tested. Compared with continuous light curing, the micro-xenon pulse activation provides similar shear bond strength values, except when used for only 2 s; but despite lower performance characteristics, the shear bond strength may be clinically acceptable.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it