M-ary Code Shift Keying Impulse Modulation Combined with BPPM for UWB Communications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel modulation format is proposed for time-hopping pulse position modulation (TH-PPM) ultra wideband (UWB) communications, where an orthogonal set of user-specific TH codes is employed for M-ary code shift keying (MCSK) to carry additional data. A particular TH code, selected by log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> M-bit data, modulates the basic pulses (i.e., determines the location of the pulses), that are additionally time-shifted by binary PPM (BPPM), resulting in combined MCSK and BPPM (i.e., "MCSK/BPPM"). The combined modulation achieves increased data rate with respect to conventional TH-BPPM without affecting pulse shaping and can further improve the bit-error-rate (BER) performance. MCSK, which can also be employed by itself or combined with binary pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), is also shown to outperform TH M-ary PPM in dense multipath as it increases the diversity gain through randomized pulse locations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".