Spatial and Seasonal Variation of Dissolved Nitrous Oxide in Wetland Groundwater
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Understanding the spatial and temporal pattern of dissolved nitrous oxide (N2O) in groundwater is essential to estimate the N2O emissions from groundwater to the unsaturated zone and to the atmosphere. In order to study the spatial distribution and seasonal change of dissolved N2O in wetland, a headwater wetland in Ichikawa, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, was chosen. Variations of nitrate (NO3-), dissolved N2O and ?15N-NO3- indicated that the dissolved N2O in the groundwater of study wetland consists of two parts, one from denitrification within the wetland, and another from nitrification at upland. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess the shallow groundwater parameters in the wetland. And t-test was conducted to find statistically significant differences of the variables between the ASW and NS, warm season and cool season. The concentrations of dissolved N2O increased from the upland to the zone of adjacent area between slope and wetland (ASW) and then decreased at the zone near the stream (NS). In sight of dissolved N2O associated nitrogen migration, groundwater in the study area can be divided into three stages: upland as the stage 1, ASW as the stage 2, and NS as the stage 3. Higher temperature results in higher denitrification rate, lower dissolved oxygen (DO) and oxidation-redox potential (ORP), yielding higher concentration of N2O in the warm season. Therefore, the seasonal change of dissolved N2O in study wetland can be mainly interpreted by the variation of temperatures of groundwater.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".