Parametric vs. nonparametric LiDAR models for operational forest inventory in boreal Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Parametric and nonparametric predictions of forest inventory attributes from airborne LiDAR data are compared for a forest management unit in boreal Ontario. For the parametric approach, seemingly unrelated regression models were calibrated by forest type (SUR) and for all forest types combined (SUR_All). For the nonparametric approach, randomForest (RF) and k-nearest neighbours (kNN) were implemented. Calibration data consisted of 442 circular 0.04 ha plots covering a range of development stages within eight forest types. Results were validated on 64 independent plots distributed across the same forest types. Predicted variables included top height, merchantable basal area, and gross merchantable volume. In general, RF and SUR predictions were the most accurate and precise, whereas kNN and SUR_All predictions were less reliable. Prediction accuracy and precision varied markedly with forest type, with no single method producing results that were consistently best. None of the methods extrapolated well, un...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".