Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article draws a profile of the last 25 years and frames within the general history of the world and of Italy the contributions that have been collected in this volume dedicated to 25 years of work of l'industria, which are also 25 years of problems of industrial economics, both in the world and in Italy. The outlined profile is divided into two parts, the first devoted to the main features of the world history of the last 25 years and the second devoted to Italy in the same period, in brief. According to the author, from an economic point of view this last quarter of the century XX, that follows the previous quarter of the century called golden is actually dominated by the problem of unequal development of research, technology and production on one side, extraordinarily in expansion in all fields, and the energetic sector on the other side, basically blocked at the resource The author suggests that also in these 25 years the main problems may be reconducted to the geopolitics of oil. Oil age, therefore? Considering that the readers would find this label too materialistic, the author accepts to define the last quarter of the century as the age, as it is common to do nowadays. But he tries to demonstrate that the main critical problems of globalisation bring us, eventually, to that dramatic limit to the growth of the world economy that is the stasis of energetic technologies and to the geopolitics problems that derive from it.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".