Effect of Water on Deposition, Aggregate Size, and Viscosity of Asphaltenes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aggregation and structure of polar molecules in nonpolar media may have a profound effect on bulk phase properties and transport. In this study, we investigate the aggregation and deposition of water and asphaltenes, the most polar fraction in petroleum fluids. In flow-line experiments, we vary the concentration of water from 500 up to 175,000 ppm and provide the evidence for clear changes in asphaltene deposition. Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) are used to measure the size of the aggregates. Rheological measurements are performed to get fixed ideas on the structural changes that water induces at different concentrations. This study demonstrates the significant effect of water on asphaltene aggregation and deposition and explores the molecular basis of water-asphaltene interaction. Our aggregate size measurements show that while asphaltene molecules increase the solubilization of water, there is no increase in the aggregate size. Our aggregation size measurements are different from the reports in the literature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".