Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper is a reflection on the specifics of the 13th century, understood as a time of dynamic transformations, including in the sphere of particular interest to archaeologists, i.e. material culture. Settlement and social transformations in the 13th century with the incorporation of towns and colonization under German law also changed the image of many spheres of production, i.e. artefacts available for study using the typical methods of archaeology. Therefore, a kind of chronological relativism of terms the ‘13th century’ or ’transformations of the 13th century’ should be noted, because depending on many factors they took place in a slightly different time, in different provinces of the Polish territory. The rate and extent of changes typical of the 13th century were generally the result of the dependence of a given Polish province on influences originating from more developed European countries, and especially from the Reich. The author suggests that the changes typical of the early 13th century started in Silesia because they took place from the end of the 12th century to the second half of the 13th century (with the turning point of events in 1241). In contrast, they were of the longest duration in Mazovia, and especially in Podlasie. In the first province they had admittedly already started in the second quarter of the 13th century, but they probably lasted at least until the turn of the 14th century, if not longer. The theses presented in this article are, in my opinion, still poorly documented and the problem of the chronology of changes typical of the 13th century in individual Polish provinces requires further, far more in-depth, research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".