Synthesis of economically viable biodiesel from waste frying oils (WFO)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In present communication, waste frying oil (WFO) has been used as a feedstock for biodiesel synthesis. WFO, procured from a local Indian restaurant possessed an acid value of 0.84 mg KOH/g, which is low enough for single step transesterification reaction. Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters) was washed after transesterification reaction and the yield got lowered substantially (from 96% to 86.36%) after water washing owing to loss of esters. 30:100 vol% (methanol to oil), 0.6 wt% NaOCH 3 , 60°C temperature and 600 rpm agitation in 1 h reaction time was found to be optimum for transesterification reaction. 1 H NMR spectrum showed a high conversion (95.19%) of fatty acids in WFO to biodiesel in 2 h reaction time. Almost complete conversion (99.68%) was attained in 2 h reaction time. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".