Vertical crustal motion determined by satellite altimetry and tide gauge data in Fennoscandia
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a new method of combining satellite altimetry and tide gauge data to obtain improved estimates of absolute (or geocentric) vertical crustal motion at tide gauges within a semi‐enclosed sea. As an illustration, we combine TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetry data (1992–2001) and 25 long‐term (>40 years) tide gauge records around the Baltic Sea region of Fennoscandia, an area where crustal deformation is dominated by glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). A comparison of the estimated vertical motion, at 1–11 mm/yr, with independent solutions from 10 collocated BIFROST GPS sites, shows a difference of 0.2 ± 0.9 mm/yr, thus verifying the accuracy and robustness of the procedure. The solution uncertainty is estimated at 0.4 mm/yr, which is significantly lower than previous analyses of this type. We conclude that our technique can potentially provide accurate vertical motion observations globally where long‐term tide gauge records exist.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it