Bibliographic record
Abstract
This review focuses on mercury (Hg) inputs and outputs in temperate and boreal terrestrial systems. It covers deposition via throughfall and litterfall, whose sum (ca. 38 µg m 2 a 1 ) is greater than that via precipitation (ca. 10 µg m 2 a 1 ). Outputs considered include volatilization, soil sequestration, and streamflow. The former is highly uncertain, but the mean rate (11 ng m 2 h 1 ) over a growing season is equivalent to about 32 µg m 2 a 1 . Modern rates of soil sequestration (ca. 5 µg m 2 a 1 ) and streamflow fluxes (ca. 2 µg m 2 a 1 ) balance the annual budget. The majority of the uncertainty in the budget is related to volatilization. Nonetheless, a large fraction of atmospheric Hg is likely a product of continuing deposition and volatilization. Watershed characteristics related to streamflow fluxes of both Hg and methylmercury (MeHg) are discussed. Both runoff concentration and flux of Hg are weakly and inversely related to watershed size. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulates are important carriers of Hg; watershed activities that affect either affect Hg flux. Runoff flux of MeHg is skewed with about 80% of observations less than 0.15 µg m 2 a 1 . Although there is no pattern of MeHg flux with watershed size, there is a strong positive relationship between flux and wetland area. Wetlands are a site of MeHg production and their presence increases water residence time; both increase MeHg flux. Concentrations of MeHg in streamflow from watersheds with wetlands are near the current water quality criterion, and effective control measures in those watersheds appear problematic.Key words: deposition, non-point pollution, methylmercury, wetlands, dissolved organic carbon (DOC).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".