Is Economical and Social Development Really Linked with the Shift of Labour from Secondary to Tertiary Sector? Evidence from the Italian Case
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the present paper, first, we have carried out a study about regional deprivation in Italy and tested it with a variable test (in this case, life expectancy at birth) to estimate its goodness. RDI index is linked with life expectancy at birth about 60%. Then we have divided Italian Regions into five different classes, from the “best” (less deprived) to the “worst” (much deprived) one. In each group we have examined the working population in every sector and the share of labourers in primary, secondary and tertiary sector, in order to verify the usual argument according to which growth and socio-economic development go with the boost of tertiary. The tertiary sector is determined according to ISTAT definition, which includes public administration. However, in a further step of our analysis we separate private from public tertiary. The evolution towards the advanced “post-industrial” society is apparently proved wrong in this case.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".