Diffusion of American lobster (Homarus americanus) in Northumberland Strait, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that American lobster ( Homarus americanus ) movement can be described as diffusion. In 2001 and 2002, 3689 lobsters, captured by experimental trap and trawl surveys, were tagged and released in Northumberland Strait, Canada. Recaptures (n = 413) were reported by roughly 200 commercial fishermen, up to 3 years after release. Only six lobsters, all females, were recaptured more than once. Recapture rates were marginally higher for males (male 12%, female 10%) and varied with area of release (range: 5%–12%) and the fishing gear used for tagging (trap 12%, trawl 11%). Maximum and mean displacements between release and recapture were 58.3 and 12.3 km, respectively. The positive linear correlation between mean square displacement (MSD) and time between release and recapture provides evidence for diffusion. We calculate a diffusion coefficient (D) of 13 km2·week–1; there was no difference in D between sexes. A power analysis showed that MSD is underestimated at small sample sizes. There were insufficient data to test for differences in D associated with sexual maturity or shell hardness at time of release. During the summer in Northumberland Strait, the lobster population spreads about 20 km. The demographic consequences of seasonal diffusion of lobster warrant study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".