First observation of a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Υ</mml:mi><mml:mn/><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>D</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mn/></mml:math>state
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present the first evidence for the production of $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(1D)$ states in the four-photon cascade, $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(3S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{b}(2P),$ ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{b}(2P)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(1D),$ $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(1D)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{b}(1P),$ ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{b}(1P)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(1S),$ followed by the $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(1S)$ annihilation into ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ or ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}.$ The signal has a significance of 10.2 standard deviations. The measured product branching ratio for these five decays, $(2.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5},$ is consistent with the theoretical estimates. The data are dominated by the production of one $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(1D)$ state consistent with the $J=2$ assignment. Its mass is determined to be $(10161.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.6)$ MeV, which is consistent with the predictions from potential models and lattice QCD calculations. We also searched for $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(3S)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{b}(2P),$ ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{b}(2P)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(1D),$ followed by either $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(1D)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(1S)$ or $\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(1D)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\Upsilon}(1S).$ We find no evidence for such decays and set upper limits on the product branching ratios.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it