Downregulation of expression of a novel cadherin molecule, T‐cadherin, in basal cell carcinoma of the skin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
T-cadherin appears to act as a tumor-suppressor factor in various cancers. Downregulation of T-cadherin is caused by a combination of allelic loss and hypermethylation of the T-cadherin promoter region and is related to cancer invasion. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of invasiveness of basal cell carcinoma of the skin, T-cadherin expression was investigated in archival pathological tissue sections made up of normal counterparts of skin and various types of basal cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining showed that T-cadherin was not expressed in 38 of 51 (75%) basal cell carcinoma specimens, whereas normal counterparts of the skin appeared to express abundant T-cadherin. Loss of heterozygosity in intron 1 of the T-cadherin gene was found in four of 20 informative cases that did not express T-cadherin. Aberrant methylation of the T-cadherin promoter region also was found in six of 25 basal cell carcinomas by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. In contrast, no structural alternations were found in two loss of heterozygosity-positive basal cell carcinomas on sequence analysis. These findings indicated that T-cadherin expression was downregulated by a combination of allelic loss and aberrant methylation in basal cell carcinoma of the skin. Loss of T-cadherin expression might be related to the biological behavior of basal cell carcinoma. In addition, results of the present study suggested that downregulation of T-cadherin in various cancers might be related to tumor invasiveness rather than metastasis, because basal cell carcinoma of the skin principally lacks metastatic activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".